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Figure 2


Fig. 2. Geometric model of uncinate function. (A) The situation in birds without an uncinate process. The length of the Mm. appendicocostales, L, changes with the rib angle, {theta}, depending on the distance down the rib, P, of the posterior attachment. (B) The situation with an uncinate process of perpendicular length Q behind the anterior rib. Cranial is to the left.