Fig. 1. EOD pulses from the five species of electric fish used in the molecular analysis in Fig. 2. (A) A single pulse of the wave-like EOD of Sternopygus macrurus, the gold-lined black knifefish; (B) a single pulse of the wave-like EOD of Apteronotus leptorhynchus, the brown ghost; (C) Electrophorus electricus, the electric eel; (D) Brachyhypopomus pinnicaudatus, the pintail knifefish; and (E) Gnathonemus petersii, the elephant nose mormyrid. S. macrurus and A. leptorhynchus are wave-type fish whereas the other three species are pulse fish. All are gymnotiforms except for G. petersii. All pulses are on the same time scale; the EOD pulse of G. petersii is also shown on an expanded time scale to the right (indicated by the arrow). Reproduced with permission (Zakon et al., 2006).