Fig. 11. Time courses of muscle-mass-specific powers over a flapping cycle. (A) Inertial powers: solid line (Exp) and broken line (Com) express the experimental data (Fry et al., 2005) and the computational data, respectively. (B) Aerodynamic powers: upper (blue; Exp_u), average (red; Exp_a) and lower (yellow; Exp_l) data from Fry et al. (Fry et al., 2005; green broken line is the computed data (Com_a). (C) Total mechanical powers: blue solid line (Exp) and orange broken line (Com) express the experimental data (Fry et al., 2005) and the computational data. T, dimensionless period of one flapping cycle.