Fig. 5. Streamlines around the wing at mid down- and upstroke. Streamlines are
color-coded to indicate the absolute flow speed. (A) The LEV and the TV at mid
downstroke (see Fig. 2Cc). (B)
The LEV and the TV at mid upstroke (see
Fig. 2Cf). LEV, leading-edge
vortex; TV, wing tip vortex (for further explanation, see text).