Fig. 1. Fluid volume released during bleeding (A), osmotic pressure (B), and the concentrations of the main electrolytes (C) Na⁺, (D) Cl^–, (E) Ca²⁺ and (F) total CO₂; in hemolymph from L. stagnalis taken from all individuals at the initial time point (open circles) and again from subsets of the same initial snails in groups of eight individuals at any one time point between 2 and 72 h (closed circles) following initial sampling. Asterisks indicate values significantly different from initial time point. Values are means ± s.e.m. (N=114 at t₀ and N=8 at later time points).