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Journal of Experimental Biology, Vol 203, Issue 14 2159-2170, Copyright © 2000 by Company of Biologists

JOURNAL ARTICLES

Terrestrial locomotion in the black-billed magpie: kinematic analysis of walking, running and out-of-phase hopping

M Verstappen, P Aerts and R Van Damme
Department of Biology, University of Antwerp (UIA), Belgium. vstappen@uia.ua.ac.be

The inter-limb kinematic patterns of walking, running and out-of-phase hopping in black-billed magpies (Pica pica) were studied using high-speed video recordings. The flexion/extension patterns of the joints were similar between the gait types, suggesting that the within-leg control of the angular excursions is similar. This result is further supported by the fact that running and hopping are alternative gaits at speeds higher than walking; however, magpies show a preference for hopping. Moreover, only small differences occur between the kinematic patterns of the two limbs during out-of-phase hopping, during which the legs are believed to have different functions. The hindlimb kinematic patterns of magpies are like those of other flying and more terrestrial bird species; however, striking differences are found in comparison with humans at the level of the internal angles. This is probably due to the differences in the morphology and configuration of their legs.




© The Company of Biologists Ltd 2000