|
| |
|
|
|
|
||||
| Home Help Feedback Subscriptions Archive Search Table of Contents | ||||
Journal of Experimental Biology, Vol 203, Issue 2 193-206, Copyright © 2000 by Company of Biologists
JOURNAL ARTICLES |
UK Muller, EJ Stamhuis and JJ Videler
Department of Marine Biology, University of Groningen, The Netherlands. ukm20@cam.ac.uk
Zebra danios (Brachydanio rerio) swim in a burst-and-coast mode. Most swimming bouts consist of a single tail flick and a coasting phase, during which the fish keeps its body straight. When visualising the flow in a horizontal section through the wake, the effects of the flow regime become apparent in the structure of the wake. In a two-dimensional, medio-frontal view of the flow, larvae and adults shed two vortices at the tail during the burst phase. These vortices resemble a cross section through a large-core vortex ring: two vortex cores packed close together with the central flow directed away from the fish. This flow pattern can be observed in larvae (body length approximately 4 mm) at Reynolds numbers below 100 as well as in adult fish (body length approximately 35 mm) at Reynolds numbers above 1000. Larval vortices differ from those of adult zebra danios mainly in their relatively wider vortex cores (higher ratio of core radius to ring radius) and their lower vortex circulation. Both effects result from the increased importance of viscosity on larval flows. During the coasting phase, larval and adult flows again differ because of the changing importance of viscosity. The high viscosity of the water causes large vortical flows adjacent to the larva's body. These regions of high vorticity represent the huge body of water dragged along by the larva, and they cause the larva to stop almost immediately after thrust generation ceases. No such areas of high vorticity are visible adjacent to adult zebra danios performing a comparable swimming manoeuvre. The rapid decrease in vortex circulation and the severe reduction in the coasting distance due to viscous drag contribute to the high cost that larvae - unlike adult fish - face when using a burst-and-coast swimming style.
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  I. Borazjani and F. Sotiropoulos Numerical investigation of the hydrodynamics of carangiform swimming in the transitional and inertial flow regimes J. Exp. Biol., May 15, 2008; 211(10): 1541 - 1558. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
U. K. Muller, J. G. M. van den Boogaart, and J. L. van Leeuwen Flow patterns of larval fish: undulatory swimming in the intermediate flow regime J. Exp. Biol., January 15, 2008; 211(2): 196 - 205. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. P. Gabriel, R. Mahmood, A. M. Walter, A. Kyriakatos, G. Hauptmann, R. L. Calabrese, and A. El Manira Locomotor Pattern in the Adult Zebrafish Spinal Cord In Vitro J Neurophysiol, January 1, 2008; 99(1): 37 - 48. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. W. Feinberg, A. Feigel, S. S. Shevkoplyas, S. Sheehy, G. M. Whitesides, and K. K. Parker Muscular Thin Films for Building Actuators and Powering Devices Science, September 7, 2007; 317(5843): 1366 - 1370. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Wu, Y. Yang, and L. Zeng Kinematics, hydrodynamics and energetic advantages of burst-and-coast swimming of koi carps (Cyprinus carpio koi) J. Exp. Biol., June 15, 2007; 210(12): 2181 - 2191. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. J. McHenry and G. V. Lauder The mechanical scaling of coasting in zebrafish (Danio rerio) J. Exp. Biol., June 15, 2005; 208(12): 2289 - 2301. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Pohlmann, J. Atema, and T. Breithaupt The importance of the lateral line in nocturnal predation of piscivorous catfish J. Exp. Biol., September 1, 2004; 207(17): 2971 - 2978. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. Hanke and H. Bleckmann The hydrodynamic trails of Lepomis gibbosus (Centrarchidae), Colomesus psittacus (Tetraodontidae) and Thysochromis ansorgii (Cichlidae) investigated with scanning particle image velocimetry J. Exp. Biol., April 1, 2004; 207(9): 1585 - 1596. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. J. McHenry and J. Jed The ontogenetic scaling of hydrodynamics and swimming performance in jellyfish (Aurelia aurita) J. Exp. Biol., November 15, 2003; 206(22): 4125 - 4137. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. J. Videler, E. J. Stamhuis, U. K. Muller, and L. A. van Duren The Scaling and Structure of Aquatic Animal Wakes Integr. Comp. Biol., November 1, 2002; 42(5): 988 - 996. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
William. W. Schultz and P. W. Webb Power Requirements of Swimming: Do New Methods Resolve Old Questions? Integr. Comp. Biol., November 1, 2002; 42(5): 1018 - 1025. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. C. Nauen and G. V. Lauder Quantification of the wake of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) using three-dimensional stereoscopic digital particle image velocimetry J. Exp. Biol., November 1, 2002; 205(21): 3271 - 3279. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. T. Thompson and W. M. Kier Ontogeny of Squid Mantle Function: Changes in the Mechanics of Escape-Jet Locomotion in the Oval Squid, Sepioteuthis lessoniana Lesson, 1830 Biol. Bull., August 1, 2002; 203(1): 14 - 26. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. C. Nauen and G. V. Lauder Hydrodynamics of caudal fin locomotion by chub mackerel, Scomber japonicus (Scombridae) J. Exp. Biol., June 15, 2002; 205(12): 1709 - 1724. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. R. Buss and P. Drapeau Activation of Embryonic Red and White Muscle Fibers During Fictive Swimming in the Developing Zebrafish J Neurophysiol, March 1, 2002; 87(3): 1244 - 1251. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E Drucker and G Lauder Wake dynamics and fluid forces of turning maneuvers in sunfish J. Exp. Biol., January 2, 2001; 204(3): 431 - 442. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J Liao and G. Lauder Function of the heterocercal tail in white sturgeon: flow visualization during steady swimming and vertical maneuvering J. Exp. Biol., January 12, 2000; 203(23): 3585 - 3594. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Budick and D. O'Malley Locomotor repertoire of the larval zebrafish: swimming, turning and prey capture J. Exp. Biol., January 9, 2000; 203(17): 2565 - 2579. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. Pohlmann, F. W. Grasso, and T. Breithaupt Tracking wakes: The nocturnal predatory strategy of piscivorous catfish PNAS, June 19, 2001; 98(13): 7371 - 7374. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
