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Journal of Experimental Biology, Vol 203, Issue 24 3755-3763, Copyright © 2000 by Company of Biologists

JOURNAL ARTICLES

Curved flight paths and sideways vision in peregrine falcons (Falco peregrinus)

VA Tucker, AE Tucker, K Akers and JH Enderson
Department of Biology, Duke University, Box 90338, Durham, NC 27708-0338, USA. vtucker@duke.edu

When diving at prey straight ahead from great distances at high speeds, a peregrine has a conflict between vision and aerodynamics: it must turn its head approximately 40 degrees to one side to see the prey with maximum visual acuity at the deep fovea of one eye, but the head in this position increases aerodynamic drag and slows the falcon down. The falcon could resolve this conflict by holding its head straight and flying along a logarithmic spiral path that keeps the line of sight of the deep fovea pointed sideways at the prey. Wild peregrines, observed with binoculars, telescopes and a tracking device, did approach prey the size of American robins (Turdus migratorius) and smaller birds from distances of up to 1500 m by holding their heads straight and flying along curved paths that resembled the logarithmic spiral.


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© The Company of Biologists Ltd 2000