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First published online May 8, 2007
Journal of Experimental Biology 210, 1762-1767 (2007)
Published by The Company of Biologists 2007
doi: 10.1242/jeb.003426

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Fight versus flight: physiological basis for temperature-dependent behavioral shifts in lizards

A. Herrel^1,*, R. S. James² and R. Van Damme¹

¹ Laboratory for Functional Morphology, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Antwerpen, Belgium
² Department of Biomolecular and Sport Sciences, Coventry University, James Starley Building, Priory Street, Coventry, CV1 5FB, UK

^* Author for correspondence (e-mail: anthony.herrel{at}ua.ac.be)

Accepted 7 February 2007

Previous studies have demonstrated that a behavioral shift from flight to aggressive behavior occurs at low temperatures in some lizards. Our data for the agamid lizard Trapelus pallida demonstrate how the effect of temperature on whole organism performance traits such as sprint speed (much lower performance at lower temperature) and bite force (largely independent of temperature) may explain the shift from flight to fight behavior with decreasing temperature. Moreover, our data hint at the physiological basis for this effect as isolated muscle power output, twitch and tetanus time traits, relevant to sprinting, appear to be strongly temperature-dependent muscle properties. Maximal muscle force production, on the other hand, appears largely independent of temperature. Unexpectedly, differences in the physiological properties of jaw versus limb muscle were observed that enhance the ability of the jaw muscle to generate maximal force at all temperatures tested. Thus our data show how behavioral responses may be determined by the limitations set by temperature on physiological processes.

Key words: behavior, temperature, locomotion, biting, muscle physiology

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BITE OR SPRINT?

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