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Journal of Experimental Biology, Vol 63, Issue 1 161-192, Copyright © 1975 by Company of Biologists
JOURNAL ARTICLES |
N Suga, JA Simmons and PH Jen
Pteronotus parnellii uses the second harmonic (61-62 kHz) of the CF component in its orientation sounds for Doppler-shift compensation. The bat's inner ear is mechanically specialized for fine analysis of sounds at about 61-62 kHz. Because of this specialization, cochlear microphonics (CM) evoked by 61-62 kHz tone bursts exhibit prominent transients, slow increase and decrease in amplitude at the onset and cessation of these stimuli. CM-responses to 60-61 kHz tone bursts show a prominent input-output non-linearity and transients. Accordingly, a summated response of primary auditory neurones (N1) appears not only at the onset of the stimuli, but also at the cessation. N1-off is sharply tuned at 60-61 kHz, while N1-on is tuned at 63-64 kHz, which is 2 kHz higher than the best frequency of the auditory system because of the envelope-distortion originating from sharp mechanical tuning. Single peripheral neurones sensitive to 61-62 kHz sounds have an unusually sharp tuning curve and show phase-locked responses to beats of up to 3 kHz. Information about the frequencies of Doppler-shifted echoes is thus coded by a set of sharply tuned neurones and also discharges phase-locked to beats. Neurones with a best frequency between 55 and 64 kHz show not only tonic on-responses but also off-responses which are apparently related to the mechanical off-transient occuring in the inner ear and not to a rebound from neural inhibition.
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A. Grinnell and P Brown Long-latency "subthreshold" collicular responses to the constant-frequency components emitted by a bat Science, December 1, 1978; 202(4371): 996 - 999. [Abstract] [PDF]
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N Suga, W. O'Neill, and T Manabe Cortical neurons sensitive to combinations of information-bearing elements of biosonar signals in the mustache bat Science, May 19, 1978; 200(4343): 778 - 781. [Abstract] [PDF]
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