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Fluid volume control during short-term space flight and implications for human performance

Donald E. Watenpaugh^*

Department of Integrative Physiology, and Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA

View larger version (13K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Left atrial diameter and transmural central venous pressure (Pcv) in supine subjects during parabolic flight (N=4; means ± S.E.M.). Data from Videbaek and Norsk (Videbaek and Norsk, 1997). Linear regression of the transmural Pcv means versus acceleration in the ventral to dorsal direction (Gx) yielded the relationship: transmural Pcv=-3.8Gx+10.2 (Watenpaugh and Smith, 1998). 1mmHg=0.133kPa.

View larger version (14K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Mean daily fluid intake and urine output compiled from Spacelab Life Sciences data as reported by Leach and colleagues (Leach et al., 1996) (N=6–7). In-flight data are for flight days 1–9. R+0 represents landing day.

View larger version (16K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Mean fluid compartment volumes before and during space flight. Data from Leach and colleagues (Leach et al., 1996) (N=6). TBW, total body water; ECF, extracellular fluid; PV, plasma volume; ISF, interstitial fluid; ICF, intracellular fluid; FD7–8, flight days 7–8.

View larger version (12K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Mean percentage change in fluid compartment volumes from pre-flight to flight days 7–8. Data from Leach and colleagues (Leach et al., 1996) (N=6). ICF, intracellular fluid; ISF, interstitial fluid; ECF, extracellular fluid; PV, plasma volume.

View larger version (10K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Cumulative urine volumetric responses (over 5h) to infusion of 2% body mass of isotonic saline in pre-flight supine and seated conditions and during flight (flight days 4–6). Data from Norsk and colleagues (Norsk et al., 1995) (N=4; means + S.E.M.). *Significantly greater than seated and flight values (P<0.05).