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Effects of the sap of the common oleander Nerium indicum (Apocyanaceae) on male fertility and spermatogenesis in the oriental tobacco budworm Helicoverpa assulta (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae)

Seong Eun Jeong^1,*, Yun Lee¹, Jeong Hee Hwang¹ and Douglas C. Knipple²

¹ Hannam University, Department of Biological Sciences, 133 Ojung-Dong, Taeduk-Gu, Taejon 306-791, Korea and
² Cornell University, Department of Entomology, New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, Geneva, NY 14456, USA

View larger version (191K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Longitudinal sections of testes during pupal–adult development of Helicoverpa assulta following injection with saline or oleander sap. P1-I and P1-II, from a 1-day-old pupa before the injections, showing a germarium (G) and various stages of developing spermatocysts (S); P5, from a 5-day-old pupa following injection with saline, showing various stages of differentiating eupyrene (ES) and apyrene (AS) spermatozoan cysts; P9, from a 9-day-old pupa following injection with saline, showing well-developed dense cysts (arrows) filled with spermatozoa; A1, from a 1-day-old adult injected with saline, showing mature follicles and spermatozoan cysts (arrows); OP5, from a 5-day-old pupa injected with oleander sap, showing a persisting germarium (G) and the absence of follicle envelopes; OP9 and OA1, from a 9-day-old pupa and a 1-day-old adult, respectively, both injected with oleander sap, showing abnormally developing, irregularly arranged, cysts (arrows) and the absence of follicle envelopes. Scale bars, 100 µm.

View larger version (33K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Changes in testis wet mass, putrescine, spermidine and spermine levels and ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) and arginine decarboxylase (ADC) activities during pupal–adult development of Helicoverpa assulta following injection with saline or oleander sap. , oleander-sap-injected; , saline-injected. P1, 1-day-old pupa; P3, 3-day-old pupa; P5, 5-day-old pupa; P7, 7-day-old pupa; P9, 9-day-old pupa; A1, 1-day-old adult. The injections were carried out at the 2-day-old pupal stage. Enzyme activity is expressed in units of nmoles of 14CO2 released per hour. The data points represent means ± S.D. of three samples, each made up of the combined testes from seven animals.