QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced] Author: Keyword(s):
Home     Help     Feedback     Subscriptions     Archive     Search     Table of Contents

This Article Summary Full Text Full Text (PDF) Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Schmitz, A. Articles by Perry, S. F. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Schmitz, A. Articles by Perry, S. F.

Bimodal breathing in jumping spiders: morphometric partitioning of the lungs and tracheae in Salticus scenicus (Arachnida, Araneae, Salticidae)

Anke Schmitz^* and Steven F. Perry

Institut für Zoologie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Poppelsdorfer Schloss, 53115 Bonn, Germany

View larger version (28K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. (A) Schematic drawing of Salticus scenicus demonstrating the sampling methods for the combined Cavalieri principle and the vertical section method. The horizontal plane (HP) is the frontal plane of the animal. The pro- and opisthosoma were each cut into 10 pieces of equal length (sizes of sections indicated by T1 and T2). The plane of section was in the vertical axis. One example (20° from the transverse axis at 0°, marked by a heavy black line) is given. See text for further details. (B) Schematic drawing of a lung of Salticus scenicus demonstrating the sampling methods for the combined Cavalieri principle and the vertical section method. The horizontal plane is the frontal plane of the lung. The lung was cut into 10 pieces of equal length (T). The plane of section (PS) was in the vertical axis. One example (20° from the transverse axis at 0°, marked by a heavy black line) is given. VP, vertical plane.

View larger version (166K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Electron micrographs of tracheae of the different classes. (A) Class I trachea with a prominent hypodermis (h). Line 2 gives an example of a measurement line that connects two points at the outer surface, line 1 of a line that connects the inner with the outer surface of the trachea. (B) Class II trachea. c, cuticular lining; lu, lumen of the trachea. (C) Class III tracheae with a homogeneous hypodermis (arrowhead). (D) Class IV trachea. Note the prominent taenidia (arrowheads). (E) A bundle of class V tracheae, some showing a prominent hypodermis. (F) Class VI trachea overlaid with the test array used for the surface-to-volume ratio measurements and to select the starting points of the measurement lines for the barrier thickness. Line 1 gives an example of a measurement line that connects two points at the inner surface and line 2 of a line that connects two points at the outer surface. Scale bars in A and B represent 1 µm, those in C–F represent 2 µm.

View larger version (71K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. (A) Determination of surface-to-volume ratios (SV) with the test grid placed over a section of the lung. hl, haemolymph-filled lung space; lu, air-filled lung space. Scale bar, 5 µm. (B) Measurements of barrier thickness were made from electron micrographs; some measurement lines are given as an example. The starting points of measurements were chosen from the intersection of the test lines with the surface of the cuticular or hypodermal layers. Lines 1 and 2 are measurement lines that connect the inner surface (air-filled lung space) with the outer surface (haemolymph-filled lung space), line 3 is a measurement line that connects two points at the outer surface and line 4 is a measurement line that connects two points at the inner surface. Scale bar, 2 µm.

View larger version (28K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Volumes of the tracheal classes (I–VII) as a percentage of the volume of the prosoma, the opisthosoma and the entire body for the two groups of animals.

View larger version (31K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Volumes of the lumen (lu) and the cuticular (c) and hypodermal (h) layers of the tracheal classes as a percentage of the total volume of each secondary tracheal class in group A and group B spiders.

View larger version (17K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6. Volumes of the haemolymph-filled lung space (hl), the air-filled lung space (lu) and the cuticular (c) and hypodermal (h) layers as a percentage of the total lung volume.

View larger version (30K): [in a new window]   Fig. 7. Barrier thickness () of the cuticle (shaded area of the columns) and the hypodermis (unshaded area of the columns) for tracheal classes I–VII and for the lungs (Lu).