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Growth and metabolism of larval zebrafish: effects of swim training

B. Bagatto^1,*, B. Pelster² and W. W. Burggren¹

¹ Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas, 76203, USA and
² Institut fur Zoologie und Limnoligie, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria

View larger version (15K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Survival of zebrafish yolk-sac larvae (day 4), swim-up larvae (day 9), and free-swimming larvae (day 21), at the conclusion of a training period. Circles, control group; triangles, larvae training at 2 BL s–1; squares, larvae training at 5 BL s–1. Open symbols indicate a value significantly different from the corresponding control value. Values are means ± 1 S.E.M.; N=120 for each treatment group at the beginning of the treatment.

View larger version (13K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Yolk-sac volume in day-4 zebrafish larvae exposed to training at 2 BL s–1 and 5 BL s–1. Diamond, starting point; circles, control group; triangles, larvae training at 2 BL s–1; squares, larvae training at 5 BL s–1. An open symbol indicates a value significantly different from the corresponding control value. Values are means ± 1 S.E.M.; N=10 for each group.

View larger version (18K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Routine oxygen consumption (O2r) (A) and mass-specific routine oxygen consumption (O2r,m) (B) of zebrafish yolk-sac larvae (day 4), swim-up larvae (day 9), and free-swimming larvae (day 21), exposed to training. Circles, control group; triangles, training at 2 BL s–1; squares, larvae training at 5 BL s–1. An open symbol indicates a value significantly different from the corresponding control value. Values are means ± 1 S.E.M.; N=8 for each group.

View larger version (22K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Active mass-specific oxygen consumption (O2a,m) (A) and locomotion efficiency (nmol O2 mg–1 m–1) (B) in free-swimming zebrafish (day 21) as a function of water velocity. Larvae were measured after the 11-day experimental period of either no training or training at 5 BL s–1. Open symbols indicate that the regression line is significantly different from the control (filled circles).

View larger version (14K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Critical PO2 (Pcrit) and critical debilitation PO2 (Pd) of zebrafish yolk-sac larvae (day 4), swim-up larvae (day 9), and free-swimming larvae (day 21), exposed to training. Circles, control groups; squares, larvae training at 5 BL s–1. An open symbol indicates a value significantly different from the corresponding control value. Values are means ± 1 S.E.M.; N=8 for each group.