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Substrate utilization during graded aerobic exercise in rainbow trout

Jeff G. Richards^1,, Ashley J. Mercado¹, Cheryl A. Clayton¹, George J. F. Heigenhauser² and Chris M. Wood¹

¹ Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4K1
² Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4K1

View larger version (23K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Oxygen consumption (left axis) and theoretical ATP turnover (right axis) in control fish and in fish swum at 30 % and 60 % Ucrit. See text for details. Values are means ± S.E.M.; N=5 for Control and 30 % Ucrit; N=10 for 60 % Ucrit. Bars with different letters are significantly different (P<0.05).

View larger version (20K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Red muscle creatine phosphate (A) and ATP (B) concentrations in control fish (open circles) and in fish swum at 30 % Ucrit (filled circles) and 60 % Ucrit (open triangles) for up to 240 min and at 90 % Ucrit (filled squares) for up to 45 min. The vertical dashed line represents the start of exercise. Overlapping data points are offset for clarity. Values are means ± S.E.M., N=8 for each point. Note the break in the horizontal axis. *Values significantly different (P<0.05) from control fish; different letters indicate values that are significantly different (P<0.05) within a time period.

View larger version (21K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Red muscle glycogen (A) and lactate (B) concentrations in control fish (open circles) and in fish swum at 30 % Ucrit (filled circles) and 60 % Ucrit (open triangles) for up to 240 min and at 90 % Ucrit (filled squares) for up to 45 min. See Fig. 2 caption for other details.

View larger version (21K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Red muscle glucose (A) and glucose 6-phosphate (B) concentrations in control fish (open circles) and in fish swum at 30% Ucrit (filled circles) and 60% Ucrit (open triangles) for up to 240 min and at 90% Ucrit (filled squares) for up to 45 min. See Fig. 2 caption for other details.

View larger version (15K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Red muscle pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) activity in control fish (open circles) and in fish swum at 30% Ucrit (filled circles) and 60% Ucrit (open triangles) for up to 240 min and at 90% Ucrit (filled squares) for up to 45 min. See Fig. 2 caption for other details.

View larger version (23K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6. Red muscle acetyl-CoA (A) and acetyl-carnitine (B) concentrations in control fish (open circles) and in fish swum at 30% Ucrit (filled circles) and 60% Ucrit (open triangles) for up to 240 min and at 90% Ucrit (filled squares) for up to 45 min. See Fig. 2 caption for other details.

View larger version (23K): [in a new window]   Fig. 7. Red muscle total carnitine (A), free carnitine (B) and long-chain fatty acyl (LCFA)-carnitine (C) concentrations in control fish (open circles) and in fish swum at 30% Ucrit (filled circles) and 60% Ucrit (open triangles) for up to 240 min and at 90% Ucrit (filled squares) for up to 45 min. See Fig. 2 caption for other details.

View larger version (14K): [in a new window]   Fig. 8. Red muscle malonyl-CoA concentrations in control fish (open circles) and in fish swum at 30% Ucrit (filled circles) and 60% Ucrit (open triangles) for up to 240 min and at 90% Ucrit (filled squares) for up to 45 min. See Fig. 2 caption for other details.

View larger version (20K): [in a new window]   Fig. 9. White muscle CrP (A) and ATP (B) concentrations in control fish (open circles) and in fish swum at 30% Ucrit (filled circles) and 60% Ucrit (open triangles) for up to 240 min and at 90% Ucrit (filled squares) for up to 45 min. See Fig. 2 caption for other details.

View larger version (22K): [in a new window]   Fig. 10. White muscle glycogen (A) and lactate (B) concentrations in control fish (open circles) and in fish swum at 30% Ucrit (filled circles) and 60% Ucrit (open triangles) for up to 240 min and at 90% Ucrit (filled squares) for up to 45 min. See Fig. 2 caption for other details.