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Effect of increased calcium concentration in sea water on calcification and photosynthesis in the scleractinian coral Galaxea fascicularis

Alan T. Marshall^* and Peta L. Clode

Analytical Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Department of Zoology, La Trobe University, Bundoora (Melbourne), Victoria 3083, Australia

View larger version (21K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Skeletal calcium incorporation in Galaxea fascicularis incubated at 23 °C in standard filtered sea water (FSW) and filtered sea water plus 100 mg l-1 calcium as CaCl2 (FSW+100). The rate of calcium incorporation is normalised to skeletal mass and tissue protein content. Values are means ± S.E.M., N=10. *Significant difference from FSW values for skeleton and protein (P<0.05).

View larger version (22K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Skeletal calcium incorporation in Galaxea fascicularis incubated at 29 °C in standard artificial sea water (ASW), standard filtered sea water (FSW) and filtered sea water plus 200 mg l-1 calcium as CaCl2 (FSW+200). Calcium incorporation is normalised to skeletal mass and tissue protein content. Values are means ± S.E.M., N=5. *Significantly different from ASW and FSW values (P<0.05).

View larger version (17K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. 14C incorporation into tissues of Galaxea fascicularis incubated at 23 °C and 29 °C in standard filtered sea water (FSW), standard filtered sea water plus 100 mg l-1 (FSW+100) or 200 mg l-1 (FSW+200) calcium as CaCl2 and artificial sea water (ASW). Values are means ± S.E.M., N=5. *Significant difference from FSW and ASW values (P<0.05) at 23 °C and 29 °C.

View larger version (14K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Skeletal calcium incorporation in Galaxea fascicularis incubated in standard filtered sea water with and without HEBP (0.5 mmol l-1). Following incubation in HEBP, when the skeleton was dissolved before the tissues, the incorporation of calcium into the skeleton was significantly higher (*; P<0.05), than when the skeleton was dissolved after tissue removal. There was no significant difference in calcium incorporation in polyps incubated in standard sea water alone (P>0.05), regardless of whether the skeleton was dissolved before or after tissue removal. Values are means ± S.E.M., N=5.