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Effect of menstrual cycle phase on exercise performance of high-altitude native women at 3600 m

Tom D. Brutsaert¹, Hilde Spielvogel², Esperanza Caceres², Mauricio Araoz², Robert T. Chatterton³ and Virginia J. Vitzthum⁴

¹ Department of Anthropology, The University at Albany, State University of New York, 12222, USA,
² Instituto Boliviano de Biología de Altura, La Paz, Bolivia,
³ Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois, USA and
⁴ Department of Anthropology, Binghamton University, State University of New York, 13901, USA

View larger version (17K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Frequency distribution for the change in progesterone (P) levels from follicular (F) to luteal (L) phases of the menstrual cycle phase in La Paz women (N=30). A positive value signifies an increase in P from the F to L phase.

View larger version (14K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. The ventilatory equivalent for oxygen (E/O2) at 3600 m is higher during the luteal phase at rest and during submaximal and maximal exercise in La Paz women by analysis for repeated measures (P<0.001; N=23). Similar results were evident for both the E/CO2 and E.

View larger version (13K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Submaximal exercise ventilation (E, ml min–1) during work level 3 at 3600 m versus progesterone (P) level (pg ml–1) during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle in La Paz women (r=0.487, P=0.006).

View larger version (12K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Change in hemoglobin (Hb) status from mid-follicular to mid-luteal phase is negatively correlated with the change in progesterone (P) level (r2=0.426, P=0.017, in a linear model holding constant initial Hb and P levels).