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Protein turnover, amino acid profile and amino acid flux in juvenile shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei: effects of dietary protein source

Eleni Mente^1,*, Peter Coutteau², Dominic Houlihan¹, Ian Davidson³ and Patrick Sorgeloos⁴

¹ Department of Zoology, University of Aberdeen, Tillydrone Avenue, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, Scotland, UK
² INVE Technologies, Oeverstraat 7, B-9200 Baasrode, Belgium
³ Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Aberdeen, Polwarth Building, Aberdeen AB25 5ZD, Scotland, UK
⁴ Laboratory of Aquaculture and Artemia Reference Centre, University of Ghent, Rozier 44, B-9000 Gent, Belgium

View larger version (13K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Mass gain (mean ± S.E.M.) of shrimps L. vannamei fed the experimental diets 1-3 in the tanks. Values annotated with the same superscript are not significantly different at the P<0.05 level.

View larger version (19K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. (A) Mean tail-muscle free-pool phenylalanine (Phe) specific activity (Sa, d.p.m. nmol-1); the value at 0 min is the specific activity of the injection solution. (B) Mean tail-muscle free-pool phenylalanine concentration (nmol Phe g-1 wet mass). (C) Mean tail-muscle protein-bound phenylalanine specific radioactivity (Sb, d.p.m. nmol-1) for shrimps from Experiment 1 at various times after injection. Values are means ± S.E.M. at each time interval (N=8).

View larger version (19K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. (A) Fractional rates of whole-animal protein synthesis (ks, % day-1, mean ± S.E.M., N=5) of L. vannamei shrimps starved for 6 days or for 24 h, and at various times (h) after being offered a single meal of diet 1. (B) RNA:protein concentrations (µg RNA mg-1 protein; means ± S.E.M., N=5) of whole L. vannamei shrimp starved for 6 days or 24 h, and at various times (h) after being offered a single meal of diet 1. Values annotated with the same superscript are not significantly different at the P<0.05 level.

View larger version (25K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. (A,B) Essential free amino acid (EAA) concentrations (µmol g-1 wetmass) in shrimps fed diet 1, in (A) tail-muscle and (B) whole-animal tissue before and at various times (h) after feeding. (C,D) EAA concentrations in shrimps fed diet 3 in (C) tail-muscle and (D) whole-animal tissue before and at various times (h) after feeding. Values are means ± S.E.M. at each time interval (N=5). Values with the same letter (across columns) are not significantly different at the P<0.05 level. The tryptophan concentration was 0.1 µmol g-1 wetmass and is not included in the figure.

View larger version (21K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Amino acid profiles of the shrimp L. vannamei fed the experimental diets 1 and 3. Each amino acid is expressed as the percentage of the total protein in the diet and in the shrimp. The 45° line represents the ideal line.

View larger version (34K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6. Amino acid flux (mmol) for a 1.25 g shrimp fed diet 1. The numbers in parentheses are the amino acid flux (mmol) for a 1.12 g shrimp fed diet 3. (The various parameters used in the model are defined in the Materials and methods, amino acid flux.)

View larger version (18K): [in a new window]   Fig. 7. Amino acid profile (whole-animal free amino acids/whole-animal protein-bound amino acids) of the shrimp L. vannamei at (A) 4 h, (B) 9 h and (C) 24 h after feeding diets 1 or 3. The 45° line represents the ideal line.