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Developmental changes in the cone visual pigments of black bream Acanthopagrus butcheri

Julia Shand^1,*, Nathan S. Hart^1,, Nicole Thomas¹ and Julian C. Partridge²

¹ Department of Zoology, University of Western Australia, WA 6009, Australia
² School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Woodland Road, Bristol, BS8 1UG, UK
Present address: Vision Touch and Hearing Research Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia

View larger version (29K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Normalized average absorbance spectra of the range of visual pigments found in aquarium-reared black bream at two different developmental stages. (A) Cones, 5-40 dph. The short wavelength visual pigment has a max at 425 nm (filled squares; N=5); maximum transverse absorbance (optical density, OD) =0.0148. The long wavelength pigment has a max at 533 nm (open squares; N=65, OD=0.0178). (B) Cones, 160-172 dph. The short wavelength visual pigment now has a max at 475 nm (filled squares; N=5, OD=0.0178) and the long wavelength pigment has a max at 558 nm (open squares; N=13, OD=0.0188). (C) Rods, from 25-172 dph. The curve has a max at 508 nm (N=34, OD=0.0267). All curves are fitted with an A1 visual pigment template (solid line), calculated using the equations of Govardovskii et al. (2000).

View larger version (11K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Graph illustrating the change in visual pigment absorption characteristics during growth of aquarium-reared black bream. The mean max (±S.D.) for individual fish for each photoreceptor class as a function of age is presented. Note the displacement to longer wavelengths from day 100 in both cone classes and the low standard deviation for the rod records. Squares, short wavelength-absorbing cones; horizontal bars, rods; diamonds, long wavelength-absorbing cones.

View larger version (27K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. (A) A frequency histogram for the max of all long wavelength cone scans, obtained from both aquarium-reared and wild-caught fish, calculated using the running average (`over-the-top' OTT) max, but only presented if bandwidth data was also available from the individual scan. These data were used to calculate the ratio of bandwidth:OTT max shown in (B). (B) Plot of OTT max versus bandwidth:OTT max, calculated for long-wavelength-sensitive visual pigment records, from black bream of different stages of development (diamonds). The lines labelled `A1-boundary' and `A2-boundary' model the bandwidth ratios of pure rhodopsin and porphyropsin pigments, respectively. The lines labelled `P5201 to P5751' and `P5201 to P5752' show the modelled bandwidth ratios of visual pigment mixtures formed firstly by two rhodopsins, and secondly by a hypothetical rhodopsin and porphyropsin. The best-fitting, two-peaked, curve (labelled `P5201 to P5501 to P5751') is provided by the model involving the mixture of these rhodopsins in sequentially expressed pairs