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Sex differences in razorbill Alca torda parent—offspring vocal recognition

Stephen J. Insley^1,*, Rosana Paredes² and Ian L. Jones²

¹ Hubbs-SeaWorld Research Institute, 2595 Ingraham Street, San Diego, CA 92109, USA
² Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St Johns, Newfoundland, Canada A1B 3X9

View larger version (61K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Examples (256-point FFT sound spectrograms) of contact calls given by two different razorbill chicks (A,B) to their parents and two different adult males (C,D) to their chicks.

View larger version (27K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Response rates of razorbills to each of the four types of playback experiments (CkM, chick calls played to adult males; CkF, chick calls played to adult females; MCk, adult male calls played to chicks; and MF, adult males played to adult females) for each of the three assay categories (call, orient and taxis). Response rates include all responses to all playback data (i.e. test and control conditions) and averaged any repeated measures on the same subject before combining data across subjects. Vocal responses were frequent from males and chicks but not from females. Orienting responses were frequent in all classes. Taxis or movement responses were consistently low, except from females receiving male calls.

View larger version (18K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Responses of razorbill adult males (A,B), adult females (C,D), and chicks (E,F) to playback experiments. The upper row (A,C,E) shows scores of the number of calls given in response to playbacks (mean ± S.E.M.). Note the different scales. The lower row (B,D,F) shows boxplots (mean, median, 25th-75th percentile, and minimum/maximum; refer to key in F) of the composite scores (combination of call, orient and taxis) in response to playbacks. *P<0.05, **P<0.01, NS, not significant.