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Energetics of nestling growth and parental effort in Antarctic fulmarine petrels

Peter J. Hodum1,2,* and Wesley W. Weathers1

1 Department of Animal Science, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
2 Australian Antarctic Division, Channel Highway, Kingston, Tasmania 7050, Australia



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  		Fig. 1. Nestling body water fraction as a function of the proportion of adult mass attained. SNPE, snow petrel; CAPE, Cape petrel; ANPE, Antarctic petrel; ANFU, Antarctic fulmar.

 


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  		Fig. 2. Water efflux of petrel nestlings as a function of mass. Solid line, SNPE (see text, Equation 6), broken line, ANFU (see text, Equation 7). Species abbreviations as in Fig. 1.

 


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  		Fig. 3. Log–log plot of nestling field metabolic rate (FMR) as a function of nestling mass. Species abbreviations as in Fig. 1.

 


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  		Fig. 4. Mass-specific nestling field metabolic rate (FMR) as a function of the proportion of adult mass attained. Species abbreviations as in Fig. 1.

 


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  		Fig. 5. Energy expenditure of nestling Antarctic fulmarine petrels as a function of age. DME, daily metabolized energy (FMR+RE); FMR, field metabolic rate; RMR, resting metabolic rate; RE, retained energy (energy accumulated in new tissue).

 




© The Company of Biologists Ltd 2003