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A biomechanical analysis of intra- and interspecific scaling of jumping and morphology in Caribbean Anolis lizards

Esteban Toro¹, Anthony Herrel^2,*, Bieke Vanhooydonck² and Duncan J. Irschick³

¹ Universidad de los Andes, Bogota, Colombia
² University of Antwerp, Dept Biology, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk, Antwerpen, Belgium
³ Tulane University, Dept Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, 310 Dinwiddie Hall,New Orleans, LA 70118, USA

View larger version (18K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Phylogenetic tree depicting the relationships between the species in our analysis. Numbers in parentheses represent sample sizes for each species. Based on Jackman et al. (1999, 2002).

View larger version (25K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Ontogenetic scaling of limb proportions in three species of Anolis lizard: Anolis carolinensis (green), Anolis sagrei (red) and Anolis equestris (blue). Circles represent data for live animals, which were also used for the force plate trials. Diamonds represent data for preserved specimens. Note that the regression lines depicted on the graphs are linear least-squares. Slopes and r values of the reduced major axis regressions are presented in Table 2.

View larger version (28K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Ontogenetic scaling of jumping performance in three species of Anolis lizard: Anolis carolinensis (green), Anolis sagrei (red) and Anolis equestris (blue). Note that the regression lines depicted on the graphs are linear least-squares. The broken line indicates that the regression approached significance. Slopes and r values of the reduced major axis regressions are presented in Table 3.

View larger version (22K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Comparative scaling of limb proportions and jumping performance in Anolis lizards. Data represent standardised contrasts. Note that the regression lines depicted on the graphs are linear least-squares. Open circles indicate the contrasts between the two large species in our analysis and their respective sister nodes (see Discussion). Slopes and r values of the reduced major axis regressions are presented in Table 4.