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First published online July 23, 2003

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The osmotic response of the Asian freshwater stingray (Himantura signifer) to increased salinity: a comparison with marine (Taeniura lymma) and Amazonian freshwater (Potamotrygon motoro) stingrays

Wai L. Tam¹, Wai P. Wong¹, Ai M. Loong¹, Kum C. Hiong¹, Shit F. Chew², James S. Ballantyne³ and Yuen K. Ip^1,*

¹ Department of Biological Science, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore 117543, Republic of Singapore
² Natural Sciences, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Nanyang Walk, Singapore 637616, Republic of Singapore
³ Department of Zoology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada, NIG 2W1

View larger version (19K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Changes in the ammonia excretion rate (µmol day-1 g-1 fish) of H. signifer during progressive increase in salinity from 0.7 to 20 though an 8-day period. Open bars represent constant 0.7 salinity for 8 days (control). Filled bars represent increasing salinity from 0.7 (day 1) to 5 (day 2) to 10 (day 3) to 15 (day 4) to 20 (day 5), where it remained until day 8. Results represent means + S.E.M. (N=3). * Significantly different from 0.7 control condition at P<0.05; a,b significantly different from the corresponding day 1 and 2 values, respectively, at P<0.05.

View larger version (19K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Changes in the urea excretion rate (µmol day-1 g-1 fish) of H. signifer during progressive increase in salinity from 0.7 to 20 though an 8-day period. Open bars represent constant 0.7 salinity for 8 days. Filled bars represent increasing salinity from 0.7 (day 1) to 5 (day 2) to 10 (day 3) to 15 (day 4) to 20 (day 5), where it remained until day 8. Results represent means + S.E.M. (N=3). * Significantly different from 0.7 control condition at P<0.05; a,b significantly different from the corresponding day 1 and 2 values, respectively, at P<0.05.