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First published online August 8, 2003

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Comparison of renal and salt gland function in three species of wild ducks

Darin C. Bennett^* and Maryanne R. Hughes

Department of Zoology, 6270 University Boulevard, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada

View larger version (25K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Effect of hypotonic and hypertonic saline infusion (75 and 500 mmol l–1 NaCl, respectively) on (A) plasma and (B) urine osmolality and (C) their ratio (Urine:Plasma) in freshwater (open symbols) and saline-acclimated (filled symbols) in mallards Anas platyrhynchos (circles), canvasbacks Aythya valisineria (triangles) and Barrow's goldeneyes Bucephala islandica (squares). The period of 500 mmol l–1 NaCl infusion was subdivided into two parts: the period prior to secretion (–) and the period of secretion (+). Values are means ± S.E.M. (N=4 ducks per treatment).

View larger version (26K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Effect of hypotonic and hypertonic saline infusion (75 and 500 mmol l–1 NaCl, respectively) on (A) plasma and (B) urine sodium concentration and (C) their ratio (Urine:Plasma) in freshwater (open symbols) and saline-acclimated (filled symbols) mallards Anas platyrhynchos (circles), canvasbacks Aythya valisineria (triangles) and Barrow's goldeneyes Bucephala islandica (squares). The period of 500 mmol l–1 NaCl infusion was subdivided into two parts: the period prior to secretion (–) and the period of secretion (+). Values are means ± S.E.M. (N=4 ducks per treatment).

View larger version (25K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Effect of hypotonic and hypertonic saline infusion (75 and 500 mmol l–1 NaCl, respectively) on (A) plasma and (B) urine potassium concentration and (C) their ratio (Urine:Plasma) in freshwater (open symbols) and saline-acclimated (filled symbols) mallards Anas platyrhynchos (circles), canvasbacks Aythya valisineria (triangles) and Barrow's goldeneyes Bucephala islandica (squares). The period of 500 mmol l–1 NaCl infusion was subdivided into two parts: the period prior to secretion (–) and the period of secretion (+). Values are means ± S.E.M. (N=4 ducks per treatment).

View larger version (25K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Effect of hypotonic and hypertonic saline infusion (75 and 500 mmol l–1 NaCl, respectively) on (A) effective renal plasma flow (ERPF), (B) glomerular flow rate (GFR) and (C) urine flow rate (UFR) in freshwater (open symbols) and saline-acclimated (filled symbols) mallards Anas platyrhynchos (circles), canvasbacks Aythya valisineria (triangles) and Barrow's goldeneyes Bucephala islandica (squares). The period of 500 mmol l–1 NaCl infusion was subdivided into two parts: the period prior to secretion (–) and the period of secretion (+). Values are means ± S.E.M. (N=4 ducks per treatment).

View larger version (24K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Effect of hypotonic and hypertonic saline infusion (75 and 500 mmol l–1 NaCl, respectively) on the fractional reabsorption of (A) water, (B) sodium and (C) potassium in freshwater (open symbols) and saline-acclimated (filled symbols) mallards Anas platyrhynchos (circles), canvasbacks Aythya valisineria (triangles) and Barrow's goldeneyes Bucephala islandica (squares). The period of 500 mmol l–1 NaCl infusion was subdivided into two parts: the period prior to secretion (–) and the period of secretion (+). Values are means ± S.E.M. (N=4 ducks per treatment).

View larger version (24K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6. Relationship between urine flow rate and (A) glomerular filtration rate and (B) the fractional reabsorption of water in freshwater (open symbols) and saline-acclimated (filled symbols) mallards Anas platyrhynchos (circles), canvasbacks Aythya valisineria (triangles) and Barrow's goldeneyes Bucephala islandica (squares).

View larger version (12K): [in a new window]   Fig. 7. Salt gland secretion [Na+] and flow rate in freshwater (open symbols) and saline-acclimated (filled symbols) mallards Anas platyrhynchos (circles), canvasbacks Aythya valisineria (triangles) and Barrow's goldeneyes Bucephala islandica (squares) infused intravenously with 500 mmol l–1 NaCl at 0.175 ml min–1. Values are means ± S.E.M. (N=4 ducks per treatment).

View larger version (13K): [in a new window]   Fig. 8. (A) Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and (B) effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) as a function of body mass (m) in birds. Data and sources are given in Table 1.

View larger version (11K): [in a new window]   Fig. 9. Comparison of (A) glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and (B) effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) of birds in relation to habitat type (TA, terrestrial arid; TM, terrestrial mesic; FW, freshwater; MR, marine). Data are calculated from residuals of logGFR or logERPF on log(body mass) (Fig. 8; raw data and sources are given in Table 1) and are expressed as mean residual values ±S.E.M.