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Copepod feeding currents: flow patterns, filtration rates and energetics

Luca A. van Duren*, Eize J. Stamhuis and John J. Videler

Department of Marine Zoology, University of Groningen, PO Box 14, 9750 AA Haren, The Netherlands



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Fig. 1. Schematic drawing of the image acquisition setup. A, Krypton laser; B, optical fibre; C, optical probe; D, experimental vessel with seeded seawater and laser light sheet; E, micromanipulator with mounted pipette; F, desiccator; G, high-resolution video camera; H, video recorder; I, computerized image analysis system.

 


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Fig. 2. Schematic drawing of construction of quasi-3D image of flow.

 


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Fig. 3. Velocity vector diagram of the flow around a foraging copepod. Dorsal view (XY plane). (A) Animal in plane of focus, (B) plane of focus 0.25 mm to the ventral side of the copepod, (C) plane of focus 0.50 mm to the ventral side of the copepod, (D) plane of focus 0.75 mm to the ventral side of the copepod.

 


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Fig. 4. Velocity vector diagram of the flow around a foraging copepod. Lateral view (XZ plane). (A) Animal in plane of focus, (B) plane of focus 0.25 mm to the lateral side of the copepod, (C) plane of focus 0.50 mm to the lateral side of the copepod, (D) plane of focus 0.75 mm to the lateral side of the copepod.

 


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Fig. 5. Colour-coded plot of vorticity field (A-D) and the discriminant of complex eigenvalues d (E-H) around foraging copepod in parallel XZ planes. (A,E) Animal in plane of focus; (B,F) plane of focus 0.25 mm to the lateral side of the copepod; (C,G) plane of focus 0.50 mm to the side of the copepod; (D,H) plane of focus 0.75 mm to the side of the copepod.

 


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Fig. 6. Colour-coded plot of shear field around foraging copepod. (A) Dorsal view (XY plane), animal in plane of focus; (B) lateral view (XZ plane), animal in plane of focus; (C) lateral view 0.25 mm to the side of the animal. Black circle indicates position of the first antenna. (D) As in C, 0.5 mm to the side of the animal, (E) as in C, 0.75 mm to the side of the animal. The first antennae do not reach into this plane.

 


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Fig. 7. Correlation between measured range of influence and rate of energy dissipation (r=0.94, P<0.05, N=6).

 


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Fig. 8. Relation between volume of influence and body mass was not significant (r=0.76, P=0.08, N=6).

 





© The Company of Biologists Ltd 2003