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First published online September 9, 2003

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Influence of seasonal temperature on the repeat swimming performance of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss

Kamini E. Jain and Anthony P. Farrell^*

Biological Sciences Department, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada

View larger version (37K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Blood parameters in cold-acclimated (N=8-9) and warm-acclimated (N=5-6) fish before testing (Routine), at failure in the first Ucrit test (E1), after a 40 min recovery (R1; this was also immediately before the start of the second Ucrit test), at failure in a second Ucrit test (E2), and after another 40 min recovery period (R2). aLevel different from the routine value; blevel different from the previous sampling time; cvalue for warm-acclimated fish different from the corresponding value for cold-acclimated fish. (A) Plasma lactate concentration. (B) Plasma potassium concentration. (C) Plasma ammonia concentration. (D) Hematocrit. (E) Plasma cortisol concentration. (F) Plasma sodium concentration.

View larger version (23K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. (A) Bland-Altman plot comparing consecutive Ucrit tests (Ucrit1 and Ucrit2) performed by rainbow trout, separated by a 40 min recovery period. Regression lines indicate the existence of two sub-groups, cold-acclimated (filled symbols) and warm-acclimated (open symbols) fish, based on the visible groupings in this graph. (B) Ucrit1 versus ambient water temperature for rainbow trout. Fish are divided into two subgroups, cold-acclimated (filled symbols) and warm-acclimated (open symbols) fish. Regression: y=40.44+2.42x, r2=0.74; P<0.001. (C) Ucrit2 versus Ucrit1 for individual rainbow trout performing two Ucrit tests separated by a 40 min recovery period. Fish are divided into cold-acclimated and warm-acclimated groups. The thin line is the line of identity where x=y, i.e. the predicted line if Ucrit1=Ucrit2 independent of temperature, and this was not the case. Regression (thick line): y=-204.3+7.57x-0.05x2, r2=0.81, P<0.001. (D) Recovery ratios for individual rainbow trout as a function of acclimation temperature (filled symbols, cold-acclimated group; open symbols, warm-acclimated group). The regression line for these data illustrates that warm-acclimated fish could not attain the same Ucrit after a 40 min recovery.

View larger version (15K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Plasma lactate concentration at 1st exhaustion (circles) and 1st recovery (triangles) sampling times versus Ucrit1 for rainbow trout. Fish are divided into two sub-groups, cold-acclimated (filled symbols) and warm-acclimated (open symbols) fish. Regression for 1st exhaustion plasma [lactate] (solid line): y=-10.48+0.22x, r2=0.73; P<0.001; for 1st recovery plasma [lactate] (broken line): y=-24.52+0.51x, r2=0.79; P<0.001.

View larger version (17K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Ucrit2-Ucrit1 versus the plasma lactate concentration prior to the second Ucrit test (recovery 1) for individual rainbow trout. Fish were divided into two sub-groups: cold-acclimated (filled symbols) fish and warm-acclimated (open symbols) fish. The data could be described by either a polynomial (broken line; r2=0.74) or a 2-parameter power (solid line; r2=0.65) relationship.

View larger version (14K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Plasma ammonia concentration at first recovery versus Ucrit1 for rainbow trout. Fish are divided into two sub-groups, cold-acclimated (filled symbols) and warm-acclimated (open symbols) fish. Regression: y=-56.51+2.02x, r2=0.30, P<0.05.