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First published online September 9, 2003

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Phenotypic flexibility in cutaneous water loss and lipids of the stratum corneum

Michael J. Haugen¹, B. Irene Tieleman^2,* and Joseph B. Williams^1,

¹ Department of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology, 318 W. 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
² Zoological Laboratory, University of Groningen, PO Box 14, 9750 AA Haren, The Netherlands

View larger version (42K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. The quantity of lipids (mg g-1 dry stratum corneum) in the stratum corneum of skylarks, woodlarks, hoopoe larks and Dunn's larks. Black bars represent larks acclimated to 15°C for 3 weeks; gray bars represent larks acclimated to 35°C.

View larger version (30K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Percentages of the major lipids in the stratum corneum of skylarks, woodlarks, hoopoe larks and Dunn's larks. Black bars represent larks acclimated to 15°C for 3 weeks; gray bars represent larks acclimated to 35°C.

View larger version (14K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Cutaneous water loss (CWL) in hoopoe larks as a function of (A) the percentage of total ceramides and (B) the percentage of ceramide 4/5 in cold-acclimated (15°C) and warm-acclimated (35°C) birds.

View larger version (17K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. The correlation between the proportions of free fatty acids and free sterols and the proportion of total ceramides from the stratum corneum among different species of larks.