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First published online October 27, 2003

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Bone formation is not impaired by hibernation (disuse) in black bears Ursus americanus

Seth W. Donahue^1,*, Michael R. Vaughan², Laurence M. Demers³ and Henry J. Donahue⁴

¹ Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
² US Geological Survey, Virginia Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0321, USA
³ Departments of Pathology and Medicine
⁴ Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA

View larger version (15K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Seasonal variations in the serum concentration of the bone formation marker type 1 collagen carboxy-terminal propeptide (PICP); values are means ± S.E.M. (N=5). The arrows indicate the beginning and end of hibernation.

View larger version (13K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Seasonal variations in the serum concentration of the bone resorption marker type 1 collagen carboxy-terminal telopeptide (ICTP); values are means ± S.E.M. (N=5). The arrows indicate the beginning and end of hibernation.

View larger version (13K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Seasonal variations in the serum concentration of the bone resorption marker type 1 collagen amino-terminal telopeptide (NTX); values are means ± S.E.M. (N=5). The arrows indicate the beginning and end of hibernation. BCE, bone collagen equivalents.

View larger version (16K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Seasonal variations in the serum concentration of cortisol; values are means ± S.E.M. (N=5). The arrows indicate the beginning and end of hibernation.

View larger version (9K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Mean serum PICP concentrations for the three study periods. Bar values are means ± S.E.M. (N=5). Groups with the same letter are not significantly different from each other. The PICP concentration was not significantly different during hibernation than during the pre-hibernation period. However, post-hibernation, PICP concentration was significantly higher than in the other two periods.

View larger version (8K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6. Mean serum ICTP concentrations for the three study periods. Bar values are means ± S.E.M. (N=5). Groups with the same letter are not significantly different from each other. The serum ICTP concentration significantly increased during hibernation and returned to pre-hibernation values upon remobilization.

View larger version (9K): [in a new window]   Fig. 7. Mean serum NTX concentrations for the three study periods. Bar values are means ± S.E.M. (N=5). Serum NTX concentration was not significantly different between the three study periods. BCE, bone collagen equivalents.

View larger version (9K): [in a new window]   Fig. 8. Mean serum cortisol concentrations for the three study periods. Bar values are means ± S.E.M. (N=5). Groups with the same letter are not significantly different from each other. The serum ICTP concentration significantly increased during hibernation and returned to pre-hibernation values upon remobilization.