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Transvascular and intravascular fluid transport in the rainbow trout: revisiting Starling's forces, the secondary circulation and interstitial compliance

Kenneth R. Olson^*, Daniel W. Kinney, Ryan A. Dombkowski and Douglas W. Duff

Indiana University School of Medicine, South Bend Center for Medical Education, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame IN 46556, USA

View larger version (13K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Effect of 1 h extra-corporeal circulation on the hematocrit of 6 spleenectomized trout. Values are means + S.E.M.

View larger version (19K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Instantaneous hematocrit measured in an unanesthetized trout before, during (4.1 min period between broken vertical lines) and following hemorrhage of 35% of estimated blood volume. There is a rapid fall in hematocrit concomitant with hemorrhage and a slow decline thereafter. The slow phase can be described by a mono-exponential decay (solid line) and extrapolated back to the onset of hemorrhage in order to determine the contribution of both rapid and slow processes to the observed hematocrit. In this example, hematocrit is predicted to change from 32 to 25.6 during the fast phase and from 25.6 to 16 during the slow phase, the latter with a half-time of 22 min.

View larger version (22K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Restoration of plasma volume in intact trout after 40% volume expansion with saline (A) or trout plasma (B). The solid line is a mono-exponential decay fit to data points 5-60 min after volume expansion. Pre-expansion, calculated plasma volume prior to saline or plasma infusion; actual (t=0), pre-expansion plasma volume plus volume of saline or plasma infused. Values are means + S.E.M.; N=12 for both experiments.

View larger version (23K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Restoration of plasma volume in intact trout after 20% (A) or 35% (B) hemorrhage. Pre-hemorrhage, assumed plasma volume prior to hemorrhage; Actual hemorrhage (t=0), calculated plasma volume immediately after 20% or 35% hemorrhage. Other solid circles joined by a grey line are plasma volume calculated from the change in hematocrit. The solid line is the mono-exponential curve fit to data points (excluding t=5 min). Values are means + S.E.M.; N=9 (A), N=6 (B).

View larger version (21K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Relationship between ratios for microcirculation volume (Vmic) versus total blood volume (Vtotal) and microcirculation hematocrit (Hctmic) versus large-vessel systemic hematocrit (Hctsys) for Fcell ratios of 0.85, 0.8 and 0.75. If Vmic is 40% of Vtotal and the trout Fcell ratio is 0.8, then Hctmic will be half of that in large vessels.

View larger version (23K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6. Predicted relationship between microcirculatory hematocrit and the volume that must be transferred from the microcirculation in order to produce the change in hematocrit observed after 35% hemorrhage (Table 3). If microcirculatory hematocrit was 10, then over 7 ml kg-1 would be instantaneously transferred into the macrocirculation in order to produce the observed systemic hematocrit of 23.8 (see Table 3).