Endogenous and exogenous ice-nucleating agents constrain supercooling in the hatchling painted turtle
Jon P. Costanzo*,
Patrick J. Baker,
Stephen A. Dinkelacker and
Richard E. Lee, Jr
Department of Zoology, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056,
USA

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Fig. 1. Temperatures of crystallization (Tc) of Chrysemys
picta reared on different experimental substrata and tested shortly after
hatching (summer) or after acclimation to 4°C (winter). Mean values
(± S.E.M., N=10 replicates per group) identified by different
letters are statistically different (ANOVA/StudentNewmanKeuls
multiple comparisons test; P<0.05).
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Fig. 2. Temperatures of crystallization (Tc) of Chrysemys
picta, reared on vermiculite and acclimated to 4°C, after ingesting a
small amount of autoclaved nesting soil or a washing of non-autoclaved nesting
soil. Control turtles ingested vehicle (water) or nothing (sham-fed). Turtles
were tested 24 h or 33 days after treatment. Mean values (± S.E.M.,
N=5 replicates per group) identified by different letters are
statistically different (ANOVA/StudentNewmanKeuls multiple
comparisons test; P<0.05).
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© The Company of Biologists Ltd 2003