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Central effects of various ligands on drinking behavior in eels acclimated to seawater

Tomohiro Kozaka, Yasuaki Fujii and Masaaki Ando^*

Laboratory of Integrative Physiology, Faculty of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8521, Japan

View larger version (39K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Position of the cerebral cannula. At the front of the supraoccipital bone, the skull was drilled (A). The position of the cannula is shown schematically (B) and photographically (C) from the lateral side of the brain.

View larger version (21K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Dose—response curves of the effect of eel angiotensin II (eANG II; filled circles), isoproterenol (filled triangles) and acetyl choline (Ach; open circles) on water intake by seawater eels. Water intake was measured during a 20 min period after administration of the ligand, and is expressed as % of the control rate measured during a 20 min period before administration (100%). The injection rate was 1.25 µl min-1 for 4 min. Values are means ± S.E.M. Number of experiments is indicated in parentheses. *P<0.05, **P<0.001, compared with the control value (paired t-test).

View larger version (22K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Dose—response curves of various inhibitors on water intake by seawater eels. Water intake was measured during a 20 min period after administration of the inhibitor, and is expressed as % of control rate measured during a 20 min period before administration (100%). Ghrelin (filled squares), eel atrial natriuretic peptide (eANP; filled circles), serotonin (5-HT; open circles), phenylephrine (filled diamonds), prolactin (PRL; open triangles) and -amino butyric acid (GABA; filled triangles) were injected intracranially at a rate of 1.25 µl min-1 for 4 min. Values are means ± S.E.M. Number of experiments is indicated in parentheses. *P<0.05, **P<0.001, compared with the control value (paired t-test).

View larger version (19K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Time course of the effect of intravenous (i.v., open circles) and intracranial (i.c., filled circles) administration of eel angiotensin II (eANG II). The dose of eANG II, 10-7 mol i.v. and 5x10-11 mol i.c., was chosen to obtain similar enhancement of water intake. For comparison, the time course of the effect of intracranial eel atrial natriuretic peptide (eANP, filled squares) is also shown. Water intake was measured every 5 min, and expressed as mean ± S.E.M. *P<0.05, **P<0.01, compared with the value before administration at time zero (paired t-test).