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Growth hormone is a weaker candidate than prolactin for the hormone responsible for the development of a larval-type feature in cultured bullfrog skin

Makoto Takada and Miyoko Kasai

Department of Physiology, Saitama Medical School, Moroyama, Iruma-gun, Saitama 3500495, Japan

View larger version (16K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Effect of growth hormone (GH) on development of short-circuit current (SCC) across cultured tadpole skin (A) and effect of amiloride (Am) on the SCC (B). Skin of tadpoles at stages XII–XV was cultured for 11–13 days with corticoids supplemented with various concentrations of GH. Amiloride (10–4 mol l–1) was applied to the apical side of the skin. SCC was measured as the difference between the peak response and the baseline SCC, as indicated in B. Values are means ± S.E.M. (no. of experiments is indicated in parentheses).

View larger version (10K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Typical examples of effects of amiloride (Am; 10–4 mol l–1), acetylcholine (ACh; 10–3 mol l–1) and ATP (10–3 mol l–1) on short-circuit current (SCC) of tadpole skin cultured for 11–13 days with corticoids supplemented with growth hormone (GH; 1 µg ml–1) or prolactin (PRL; 1 µg ml–1), with intact tadpole skin included as control.

View larger version (26K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Summary of effects of amiloride (Am; 10–4 mol l–1), acetylcholine (ACh; 10–3 mol l–1) and ATP (10–3 mol l–1) on short-circuit current (SCC) of tadpole skin cultured for 11–13 days with growth hormone (GH; 1 µg ml–1) or prolactin (PRL; 1 µg ml–1), with intact tadpole skin included as control. (A) SCC was measured as the difference between the peak response and the baseline SCC. (B) Time (t) from onset of increase in SCC to peak SCC, measured as indicated. (C) Normalized SCC (%) at 5 min and 20 min after peak response. The SCC measured at 5 min or 20 min after peak was normalized with respect to the maximum response (the difference between peak and baseline SCC being taken as 100%). Values are means ± S.E.M. (no. of experiments is indicated in parentheses).

View larger version (21K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Effects of amiloride (Am; 10–4 mol l–1), acetylcholine (ACh; 10–3 mol l–1) and ATP (10–3 mol l–1) on tadpole skin cultured with corticoids supplemented with growth hormone (GH; 1 µg ml–1) plus T3 (10–8 mol l–1). Open bars indicates tadpole skin cultured for 11–13 days with corticoids supplemented with GH (these values are also shown in Fig. 3A and are included here to facilitate comparison). Hatched bars indicate tadpole skin cultured for 11–13 days with corticoids supplemented with GH plus T3. Values are means ± S.E.M. (no. of experiments is indicated in parentheses).