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First published online May 13, 2004
Journal of Experimental Biology 207, 2065-2070 (2004)
Published by The Company of Biologists 2004
doi: 10.1242/jeb.00999

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Variation in temperature increases the cost of living in birds

C. J. Pendlebury^1,*, M. G. MacLeod² and D. M. Bryant^1,

¹ School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, Scotland
² Division of Integrative Biology, Roslin Institute (Edinburgh), Midlothian EH25 9PS, Scotland

View larger version (23K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. The effects of the temperature variation and food quality treatment groups (Experiment 1) on (A) daily energy expenditure (DEE) and (B) mean egg mass. Values are means ± S.E.M. (N=20). Hatched columns, high-quality food; open columns, low-quality food.

View larger version (18K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Daily energy expenditure (DEE) (Experiment 2) (A) following a sudden change in temperature; and (B) for the sudden temperature-change treatment groups (LM, low to medium; ML, medium to low; MH, medium to high; HM, high to medium). Values are means ± S.E.M. (N=16).