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First published online December 10, 2003
Journal of Experimental Biology 207, 319-324 (2004)
Published by The Company of Biologists 2004
doi: 10.1242/jeb.00758

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Adaptive function of soil consumption: an in vitro study modeling the human stomach and small intestine

Nathaniel J. Dominy^1,*, Estelle Davoust² and Mans Minekus³

¹ Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, 1101 East 57th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
² Université d'Auvergne, 28 place Henri Dunant, 63300 Clermont-Ferrand, France
³ TNO Nutrition and Food Research Institute, PO Box 360, NL-3700 AJ Zeist, The Netherlands

View larger version (113K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. The TNO intestinal model (TIM). (1) The gastric compartment, comprising two glass units with interior flexible walls, surrounded by water at 37°C; (2) the persitaltic movements of the gastric wall are simulated; (3) secretion of gastric acid, electrolytes and enzymes (pepsinogen/pepsine, lipase); (4) pH electrode to control gastric pH; (5) simulated pyloric sphincter, regulating the delivery of gastric contents into the duodenum; (6) duodenal compartment with simulated peristaltic movements (see Supplemental data); (7) pH electrode to control the duodenal pH by the secretion of bicarbonate; (8) secretion of duodenal electrolytes, bile and pancreatic enzymes; (9) jejunal compartment with simulation of the peristaltic movements (see Supplemental data); (10) pH electrode to control the jejunal pH value by the secretion of bicarbonate; (11) ileal compartment with simulation of the peristaltic movements; (12) pH electrode to control the ileal pH value by the secretion of bicarbonate; (13) simulated ileo-caecal valve, regulating the delivery of ileal contents into the large intestine, mimicking the intestinal passage; (14) prefilter system; and (15) semipermeable membrane unit (hollow fibers) for absorption of digested products and water.

View larger version (24K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Bioavailable quebracho (A), tannic acid (B), and quinine (C) during in vitro digestion with kaolin and without (control). Kaolin adsorbed a significant percentage (*P<0.05) of the bioavailable fraction of each compound studied except for calcium oxalate, which was insoluble. In fact, kaolin increased Ca precipitation, with Ca delivery exceeding the comminuted input: two-tailed t-test, t=2.6, P<0.02 (D). Values are means ± 1 S.D.