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First published online November 5, 2004
Journal of Experimental Biology 207, 4239-4248 (2004)
Published by The Company of Biologists 2004
doi: 10.1242/jeb.01263

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Temperature and the expression of myogenic regulatory factors (MRFs) and myosin heavy chain isoforms during embryogenesis in the common carp Cyprinus carpio L.

Nicholas J. Cole^1,, Thomas E. Hall^2,*,, Christopher I. Martin², Mark A. Chapman³, Atsushi Kobiyama⁴, Yoshiaki Nihei⁵, Shugo Watabe⁵ and Ian A. Johnston²

¹ Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, MSI/WTB Complex, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK
² Gatty Marine Laboratory, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 8LB, UK
³ Sir Harold Mitchell Building, School of Biology, University of St. Andrews, Fife, KY16 9TH, UK
⁴ Laboratory of Aquatic Microbiology, School of Fisheries Sciences, Kitasato University, Sanriku, Iwate 022-0101, Japan
⁵ Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan

View larger version (165K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Expression of myogenic regulatory factors and embryonic myosin heavy chain isoforms in common carp embryos reared at 18 and 25°C during development. Scale bars, 1 mm (a) Myf-5 18°C, (b) Myf-5 25°C, (c) MyoD 18°C (d) MyoD 25°C, (e) myogenin 18°C, (f) Myogenin 25°C, (g) MyHC Eggs22 18°C, (h) MyHC Eggs22 25°C, (i) MyHC Eggs24 18°C, and (j) MyHC Eggs24 25°C. (i) Completion of epiboly, before somite formation, (ii) 15-somite stage, (iii) 23-somite stage, (iv) 30-somite stage, (v) completion of somitogenesis (38 or 39 somites), (vi) hatched larvae.

View larger version (48K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. (a) Myf-5 expression in two presomitic bands (arrowheads) immediately prior to the onset of somitogenesis. Scale bar, 500 µm. (b) MyoD expression in the first 12 somites. Scale bar, 100 µm. (c) Myogenin expression in 12 somites (17-somite stage embryo). Scale bar, 100 µm.

View larger version (55K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. RNA dot-blots showing expression of myosin heavy chain isoforms in larvae grown at 18 and 25°C, and in adult (10 cm) fish acclimated to 10 and 30°C.

View larger version (27K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Neighbour-joining tree of vertebrate myogenic regulatory factors with an Ascidian outgroup. Node numbers refer to the percentage of 1000 bootstrap pseudoreplicates supporting a clade. Branch lengths are proportional to the number of amino acid substitutions.