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First published online November 19, 2004
Journal of Experimental Biology 207, 4407-4414 (2004)
Published by The Company of Biologists 2004
doi: 10.1242/jeb.01320

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Partial link between the seasonal acquisition of cold-tolerance and desiccation resistance in the goldenrod gall fly Eurosta solidaginis (Diptera: Tephritidae)

Jason B. Williams^*, Naomi C. Ruehl and Richard E. Lee, Jr

Department of Zoology, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45056, USA

View larger version (32K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Daily minimum and maximum air temperatures taken from 1 September 2001 to 31 December 2001 at the weather station located at the Miami University Ecology Research Center, Oxford Ohio, USA.

View larger version (18K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Gall water contents (A), body water contents (B), hemolymph osmolalities (C) and rates of water loss (D) for E. solidaginis larvae collected from 20 September 2001 to 15 January 2002. Data points not sharing a letter are significantly different (P<0.05). Values are mean ± S.E.M., N=10.

View larger version (15K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Seasonal changes in cold-tolerance of E. solidaginis larvae (N=10), as indicated by survival after 24 h exposure to –2, –4, –8, –12, or –20°C from 20 September to 30 October 2001.

View larger version (15K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Rates of water loss versus hemolymph osmolality in E. solidaginis larvae collected from 16 October 2001 to 11 December 2001. To ensure all larvae were in the refractory phase of diapause for this comparison, data collected on 15 January 2001 were not used.

View larger version (28K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Water potentials for goldenrod gall tissue and E. solidaginis hemolymph from 20 September to 30 October 2001. Water potential of the larval hemolymph was mathematically derived from osmolality values in Fig. 2C. An asterisk indicates a significant difference between gall and larval values for the same date of collection (P<0.05). Values are mean ± S.E.M., N=10 for all values except gall tissue measurements on 30 October where N=5.

View larger version (48K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6. The effects of moderate desiccation stress (95 or 76% RH) at 15°C for 10 days on cold tolerance of larvae (N=20) collected on 5 October 2001. Field group data was taken on larvae collected and analyzed on 3 October 2001.

View larger version (19K): [in a new window]   Fig. 7. The effects of moderate desiccation stress (95 or 76% RH) at 15°C for 10 days on body water content (A), and rates of water loss (B) on larvae collected on 5 October and 2 November 2001. Field group data was taken on larvae collected and analyzed on 3 and 30 October 2001 respectively. Values not sharing a letter are significantly different. Values are mean ± S.E.M.