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First published online January 27, 2004
Journal of Experimental Biology 207, 803-811 (2004)
Published by The Company of Biologists 2004
doi: 10.1242/jeb.00840

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Female reply strategies in a duetting Australian bushcricket, Caedicia sp. (Phaneropterinae: Tettigoniidae: Orthoptera)

Winston J. Bailey^* and Thomas J. Hammond

School of Animal Biology, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia

View larger version (21K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. (A) The male-female duet showing a male natural call (above) with a female three-click reply (below). (B) Synthesised call of 19 `short' syllables forming part B and 9 `long' syllables of part C. All traces share the 200 ms time marker.

View larger version (15K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. The response of females to model calls based on varying the number of syllables in parts A and B (see Table 1), expressed as the sum of ranks of mean female clicks (see Materials and methods). (A) Reply of female to part B containing 9, 18 and 30 syllables with part C constant, measured as rank sum of mean female clicks. (B) The same measure to varying syllable number in part C with B held constant.

View larger version (12K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Effect of presentation order on reply number (N=7). Each symbol represents the mean value (N=24) from each female with each presentation. While individual females were consistent in the number of their replies, all females reduced the number of replies during the course of the experiment (see text).

View larger version (16K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. (A) Timing of one female's reply (animal no. 50) from the start of the male call (zero). As the female increases the number of clicks the entire reply remains within a distinct window between 800-1800 ms. The symbols and associated legend indicate the timing of the first (diamond) to eighth click (horizontal mark) of each set of clicks while the horizontal line indicates the end of part C of the male call. (B) Timing of the first and last clicks of seven females from the start of the male call; the open circles without error bars represent data from one female only. The end of part C of the male call is shown as a solid horizontal line while the end of part B is a broken line. Values are means ± S.D.

View larger version (17K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Mean interval (± S.D., N=7) between successive clicks decreases as the number of replies increases from 2 to 11. Replies 8-11 are from one female.

View larger version (23K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6. (A-D) Timing of the first click of the female reply with changing duration of part C. y-axis values are from the start of part C while the diagonal line represents the timing of the end of the song. As females increase the number of clicks (from 1 to 4 clicks) and the duration of part C increases the first click is more inclined to fall within the male call - compare upper left to lower right in each panel.

View larger version (21K): [in a new window]   Fig. 7. Long and short reply strategies of female Caedicia (traces 2 and 3) to a male call (trace 1) consisting of two parts B and C. Females producing a reply of six clicks have a low threshold at Y (high motivation), rising after recognising elements of part C of the male call (at X). These females call at the start of the species' specific reply window (shaded). Females with high threshold (low motivation) fail to call at the conclusion of part C and, following a brief silent interval, produce 1 or 2 clicks (at Z), which are timed from the conclusion of the call. Note that the click rate of trace 3 is faster than the rate for trace 2.