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First published online July 20, 2006
Journal of Experimental Biology 209, 2893-2901 (2006)
Published by The Company of Biologists 2006
doi: 10.1242/jeb.02320

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Effects of hypo- and hyperoxia on transcription levels of five stress genes and the glutathione system in liver of Atlantic cod Gadus morhua

P. A. Olsvik^1,*, T. Kristensen², R. Waagbø¹, K.-E. Tollefsen², B. O. Rosseland³ and H. Toften⁴

¹ National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research, N-5817 Bergen, Norway
² Norwegian Institute for Water Research, N-0411 Oslo, Norway
³ Department of Ecology and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, N-1432 Aas, Norway
⁴ Fiskeriforskning, N-9291 Tromsø, Norway

View larger version (11K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Specific growth rate (SGR) of Atlantic cod exposed to 46%, 76% (control) and 145% oxygen saturation for 6 weeks. SGR=[100xln(m1)-ln(m0)/41] in which m1 is mass at day 41, m0 is mass at day 0. The box plots show median, 25th and 75th percentiles (box) and error bars the range (highest to lowest values); N=6. 46% vs 76%: P<0.05, 46% vs 145%: P<0.01 (Kruskal-Wallis; overall P=0.0026). 1, significant difference between the hypoxia and normoxia groups; 2, significant difference between the hypoxia and hyperoxia groups.

View larger version (23K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Relative mean normalized expression (MNE) of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), metallothionein (MT) and cytochrome P450 1A (CYP1A) in liver of Atlantic cod exposed to 46%, 76% and 145% O2 levels. The box plots show median, 25th and 75th percentiles (box) and error bars the range (highest to lowest values); N=6. Kruskal-Wallis; overall P values are shown in the graphs. 1, significant difference between the hypoxia and normoxia groups; 2, significant difference between the hypoxia and hyperoxia groups.

View larger version (46K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Principal component analysis (PCA) biplot of specific growth rate (SGR), oxidized glutathione (GSSG), total glutathione (tGSH), reduced glutathione (GSH), oxidative stress index (OSI), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), metallothionein (MT) and cytochrome P4501A (CYP1A) in liver samples of Atlantic cod exposed for 6 weeks to either 45% O2, 76% O2 or 145% O2 saturation. Circles drawn in free hand indicate separate grouping of 45% O2 (L1-L6) and 145% O2 (H1-H6) samples. N1-N6 are normoxia samples.