First published online March 2, 2006
Journal of Experimental Biology 209, 1058-1063 (2006)
Published by The Company of Biologists 2006
doi: 10.1242/jeb.02122
Sex differences in food intake and digestive constraints in a nectarivorous bird
Shai Markman1,*,
Hagar Tadmor-Melamed1,2,
Amichai Arieli2 and
Ido Izhaki1
1 Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Science Education,
University of Haifa at Oranim, Tivon, 36006, Israel
2 Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural, Food and
Environmental Quality Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot
76100, Israel

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Fig. 1. The relationship between volumetric food intake in male and female
Palestine sunbirds (males represented by filled circles and solid regression
line; females represented by open circles and broken regression line) and (A)
sucrose concentration (sucrose equivalents) of their diet (males,
y=4.85x0.59, r2=0.83;
females, y=4.52x0.59,
r2=0.72) or (B) glucose + fructose concentration (sucrose
equivalents) of their diet (males,
y=25.32x1.07, r2=0.91;
females, y=21.28x1.06,
r2=0.96).
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Fig. 2. The relationship between gut transit time (mean ± s.e.m.) in male
(filled columns) and female (open columns) Palestine sunbirds and the
concentration of their (A) sucrose solution (sucrose equivalents) or (B)
glucose + fructose solution (sucrose equivalents) diets.
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© The Company of Biologists Ltd 2006