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First published online September 14, 2007
Journal of Experimental Biology 210, 3356-3360 (2007)
Published by The Company of Biologists 2007
doi: 10.1242/jeb.007088
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Chronic electrical stimulation drives mitochondrial biogenesis in skeletal muscle of a lizard, Varanus exanthematicus

Paul J. Schaeffer1,*, Scott D. Nichols2 and Stan L. Lindstedt2,3

1 Department of Zoology, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA
2 Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University Flagstaff, AZ, USA
3 Department of Physiology, University of Arizona School of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA


Figure 1
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  		Fig. 1. Cellular volume occupied by mitochondria, sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) and intracellular lipid droplets in the white portion of both chronic electrically stimulated (CES) and the contralateral control iliofibularis muscles of Varanus exanthematicus. The nearly fourfold increase in mitochondrial volume is similar to or greater than that exhibited by various mammalian species following a similar procedure. The lower volume density of the SR in CES muscle was similar in absolute magnitude to the increase in mitochondrial volume, suggesting minimal change in cell size, as there was no change in the proportion of the muscle cell occupied by myofibrils. *Significant difference from control at the P<0.05 level.

 

Figure 2
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  		Fig. 2. Representative cross-sectional electron micrographs of control (A) and chronic electrically stimulated (B) iliofibularis muscles. The arrows indicate mitochondria (Mito), sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) and lipid droplets. Note the increase in mitochondrial volume and associated decrease in sarcoplasmic reticulum. Scale bars, 2 µm.

 




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