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First published online September 14, 2007
Journal of Experimental Biology 210, 3387-3394 (2007)
Published by The Company of Biologists 2007
doi: 10.1242/jeb.008748

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Nitric oxide formation from nitrite in zebrafish

Frank B. Jensen

Institute of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark

View larger version (18K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 1. (A) Reference spectra depicting the millimolar extinction coefficients of zebrafish oxygenated hemoglobin (oxyHb), methemoglobin (metHb), nitrosylhemoglobin (HbNO) and deoxygenated hemoglobin (deoxyHb) as function of wavelength at pH 7.3. (B) Representative result from the nonlinear least-squares curve-fitting procedure. The black curve shows the experimental spectrum of the diluted hemolysate from a nitrite-exposed zebrafish, and the red curve gives the fitted curve. The estimated millimolar concentrations of oxyHb, metHb, HbNO and deoxyHb in the cuvette, and the error on the parameter values, are shown in the insert.

View larger version (4K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Total hemoglobin concentration in blood from zebrafish exposed to control water (), 0.6 mmol l–1 nitrite (•) and 2 mmol l–1 nitrite () for variable time periods. Values are means ± s.e.m. (5N13 at individual points).

View larger version (4K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Blood methemoglobin (metHb) content in zebrafish exposed to control water (), 0.6 mmol l–1 nitrite (•) and 2 mmol l–1 nitrite () for variable time periods. Values are means ± s.e.m. (5N13 at individual points).

View larger version (7K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Box chart of the pooled methemoglobin (metHb) values from (A) control zebrafish, (B) zebrafish exposed to 0.6 mmol l–1 nitrite for 1, 2 and 5 days, and (C) zebrafish exposed to 2 mmol l–1 nitrite for 1 and 2 days. The boxes are determined by the 25th and 75th percentiles, whiskers show the 5th and 95th percentiles, and crosses the 1st and 99th percentiles. The median is given by the horizontal line in the diamond boxes, and the mean for each pooled group is given by open squares. The filled symbols to the left of the boxes show the individual binned data points in each of the three groups.

View larger version (4K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Nitrosylhemoglobin (HbNO) content in blood from zebrafish exposed to control water (), 0.6 mmol l–1 nitrite (•) and 2 mmol l–1 nitrite () for variable time periods. Values are means ± s.e.m. (5N13 at individual points).

View larger version (4K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 6. Functional hemoglobin content in blood from zebrafish exposed to control water (), 0.6 mmol l–1 nitrite (•) and 2 mmol l–1 nitrite () for variable time periods. Values are means ± s.e.m. (5N13 at individual points).

View larger version (4K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 7. Routine oxygen consumption in zebrafish before (open symbols) and after (filled symbols) exposure to nitrite at 0.6 mmol l–1 (circles) or 2 mmol l–1 nitrite (squares). The dotted line indicates the onset of nitrite exposure. See text for further details.

View larger version (8K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 8. Whole body concentrations (mmol kg–1 wet mass) of potassium, sodium and chloride in zebrafish exposed to control water (), 0.6 mmol l–1 nitrite (•) and 2 mmol l–1 nitrite () for variable time periods.