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First published online October 19, 2007
Journal of Experimental Biology 210, 3749-3756 (2007)
Published by The Company of Biologists 2007
doi: 10.1242/jeb.008763

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An examination of the metabolic processes underpinning critical swimming in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.) using in vivo ³¹P-NMR spectroscopy

Glenn J. Lurman^*, Christian H. Bock and Hans-O. Pörtner

Alfred Wegener Institut fuer Polar und Meeresforschung, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570, Bremerhaven, Germany

View larger version (10K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 1. The NMR/swim tunnel apparatus. Arrows indicate direction of water flow.

View larger version (10K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Oxygen consumption rate (A) and tail-beat frequency (B) during the critical swimming speed test (left; speed as % Ucrit) and the first 150 min of recovery [right; time after Ucrit (min)]. The right broken vertical line indicates the traditional Ucrit value; the left broken vertical line at 89% represents the mean time when kicking was initiated. Values are means ± s.d., N=3–6. Horizontal error bars represent s.d. of the mean speed. Asterisks indicated significant difference from control values.

View larger version (14K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Inorganic phosphate (A), phosphocreatine (B) and ATP (C) concentrations during the critical swimming speed test (left; speed as % Ucrit) and the first 150 min of recovery [right; time after Ucrit (min)]. The right broken vertical line indicates the traditional Ucrit value; the left broken vertical line at 89% represents the mean time when kicking was initiated. Values are means ± s.d., N=3–6. Horizontal error bars represent s.d. of the mean speed. Asterisks indicated significant difference from control values.

View larger version (5K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Intracellular pH values during the critical swimming speed test (left; speed as % Ucrit) and the first 150 min of recovery [right; time after Ucrit (min)]. The right broken vertical line indicates the traditional Ucrit value; the left broken vertical line at 89% represents the mean time when kicking was initiated. Values are means ± s.d., N=3–6. Horizontal error bars represent s.d. of the mean speed. Asterisks indicated significant difference from control values.

View larger version (6K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 5. The time course of the Gibbs free energy change of ATP hydrolysis during the critical swimming speed test (left; speed as % Ucrit) and the first 150 min of recovery [right; time after Ucrit (min)]. The right broken vertical line indicates the traditional Ucrit value; the left broken vertical line at –89% represents the mean time when kicking was initiated. Values are means ± s.d., N=3–6. Horizontal error bars represent s.d. of the mean speed. Asterisks indicated significant difference from control values.