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First published online February 15, 2008
Journal of Experimental Biology 211, 661-670 (2008)
Published by The Company of Biologists 2008
doi: 10.1242/jeb.011478
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Modulatory effects of adenosine and adenine nucleotides on different heart preparations of the American lobster, Homarus americanus

Gereon Maurer1,*, Jerrel L. Wilkens2 and Manfred K. Grieshaber1

1 Institut für Zoophysiologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
2 Department of Biological Science, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada


Figure 1
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  		Fig. 1. Comparison of (A) heart rate (beats min–1), (B) cardiac output (ml min–1), (C) ventricular pressure (kPa) and (D) stroke volume (ml beat–1) in semi-isolated hearts of the American lobster, Homarus americanus, before (t0–t5), during (t6–t7) and after (t8–t25) the perfusion of 2.5 mmol l–1 solutions of adenosine or adenine nucleotides. The vertical dashed lines indicate the infusion period. Data are presented as means ± s.d. (N is given in the respective graphs). An asterisk denotes a value significantly different from the control value (P<=0.05).

 

Figure 2
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  		Fig. 2. Comparison of heart rate (beats min–1) in intact (A) and cardioregulatory-denervated (B) Homarus americanus before (t0–t10), during (t11–t20) and after (t21–t60) the perfusion of a solution of 2.4 nmol min–1 g–1 body mass of adenosine or adenine nucleotides. The vertical dashed lines indicate the infusion period. Data are presented as means ± s.d. (N is given in the respective graphs). All values under the lines with asterisks at each end are significantly different from the control value (P<=0.05).

 

Figure 3
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  		Fig. 3. Comparison of heart rate in intact (black bars) and cardioregulatory-denervated (grey bars) Homarus americanus. Values are the differences between the mean value of the control period and the value at t20 during the perfusion of a solution of 2.4 nmol min–1 g–1 body mass of adenosine or adenine nucleotides. t20 corresponds with the end of the infusion. Data are presented as means ± s.d. An asterisk denotes a value significantly different from the control value (P<=0.05). [N=9 (intact) and 10 (cardioregulatory denervated) for adenosine; 7 and 5 for AMP; 6 and 0 for ADP, and 6 and 9 for ATP.]

 

Figure 4
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  		Fig. 4. Heart rate (beats min–1) of sham operated lobsters before (t0–t10), during (t11–t20) and after (t21–t60) the perfusion of a solution of 2.4 nmol min–1 g–1 body mass of adenosine. The vertical dashed lines indicate the infusion period. Data are presented as means ± s.d. All values under the line with asterisks at each end are significantly different from the control value (P<=0.05) (N is given in the respective graphs).

 

Figure 5
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  		Fig. 5. Comparison of heart rate (beats min–1) and haemolymph velocity, vHL (mm s–1) in the posterior aorta, the sternal artery and the left lateral artery in intact (A) and cardioregulatory-denervated (B) Homarus americanus before (t0–t10), during (t11–t20) and after (t21–t60) the perfusion of Ringer solution (pH 8.0). The vertical dashed lines indicate the infusion period. Data are presented as means ± s.d. (N is given in the respective graphs).

 

Figure 6
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  		Fig. 6. Comparison of haemolymph velocity, vHL (mm s–1) in the posterior aorta in intact (A) and cardioregulatory-denervated (B) Homarus americanus before (t0–t10), during (t11–t20) and after (t21–t60) the perfusion of a solution of 2.4 nmol min–1 g–1 body mass of adenosine or adenine nucleotides. The vertical dashed lines indicate the infusion period. Data are presented as means ± s.d. (N is given in the respective graphs). All values under the lines with asterisks at each end are significantly different from the control value (P<=0.05).

 

Figure 7
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  		Fig. 7. Comparison of haemolymph velocity, vHL (mm s–1) in the sternal artery in intact (A) and cardioregulatory-denervated (B) Homarus americanus before (t0–t10), during (t11–t20) and after (t21–t60) the perfusion of a solution of 2.4 nmol min–1 g–1 body mass of adenosine or adenine nucleotides. The vertical dashed lines indicate the infusion period. Data are presented as means ± s.d. (N is given in the respective graphs). All values under the line with asterisks at each end are significantly different from the control value (P<=0.05).

 

Figure 8
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  		Fig. 8. Comparison of haemolymph velocity, vHL (mm s–1) in the left lateral artery in intact (A) and cardioregulatory-denervated (B) Homarus americanus before (t0–t10), during (t11–t20) and after (t21–t60) the perfusion of a solution of 2.4 nmol min–1 g–1 body mass of adenosine or adenine nucleotides. The vertical dashed lines indicate the infusion period. Data are presented as means ± s.d. (N is given in the respective graph). All values under the line with asterisks at each end are significantly different from the control value (P<=0.05).

 

Figure 9
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  		Fig. 9. Haemolymph concentration of dopamine (A), serotonin (B) and octopamine (C) before (t0), during (t2.5–t10) and after (t12.5–t30) the perfusion of a solution of 2.4 nmol min–1 g–1 body mass of adenosine. The vertical dotted lines indicate the infusion period. Data are presented as means ± s.d. (N=5).

 




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