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First published online February 15, 2008
Journal of Experimental Biology 211, 749-756 (2008)
Published by The Company of Biologists 2008
doi: 10.1242/jeb.013946

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Thermoregulation in pronghorn antelope (Antilocapra americana, Ord) in winter

J. Hébert¹, A. Lust¹, A. Fuller², S. K. Maloney³, D. Mitchell² and G. Mitchell^1,*

¹ Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
² Department of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
³ Physiology, School of Biomedical and Chemical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia

View larger version (21K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Frequency of occurrence of 0.1°C intervals of brain (red), jugular (blue) and carotid (green) temperatures. The brain distribution is narrower and mode temperatures occur to the right of the carotid and jugular distributions. The frequency of occurrence of the jugular distribution is to the left of the carotid distribution. All three distributions are characterized by long tails to the right.

View larger version (22K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 2. The relationships between Tbrain (red), Tcarotid (blue) and Tjugular (brown) on the 6 hottest days of winter (A), the 6 days of intermediate temperature (B) and the 6 coldest days (C; see text). As days become colder the range of Tbrain and Tcarotid becomes narrower. On hot and intermediate days Tjugular and Tcarotid diverge while on the coldest days Tcarotid and Tjugular converge.

View larger version (25K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Comparison of the relationships between Tcarotid, Tbrain and calculated cerebral blood flow (CBF) in pronghorn in the summer (A) and in winter (B) and in summer in horses (C). In winter the pronghorn temperature profiles are more similar to those in the horse than they are to pronghorn in summer. CBF above the upper maximum CBF (pink) or below the minimum (yellow) occur in pronghorn in the summer, rarely in the winter, and not in horses. In winter, most temperature gradients between Tbrain and Tcarotid in pronghorn and all gradients in horses can be achieved by changes in CBF. In summer, low and high gradients depend on SBC or brain warming. Summer pronghorn data are from Lust et al. (Lust et al., 2007). Horse data are from Mitchell et al. (Mitchell et al., 2006).