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Fig. 10. Time courses of aerodynamic and inertial torques of the wing over a
flapping cycle. Aerodynamic and inertial torques of the wing as shown in
Fig. 2B. (A) Rolling torques:
aerodynamic rolling torque (blue; Tr_aero_t), inertial rolling torque (red;
Tr_iner_t) and total rolling torque (green; Tr_total). (B) Yawing torques:
aerodynamic yawing torque (blue; Ty_aero_t), inertial yawing torque (red;
Ty_iner_t) and total yawing torque (green; Ty_total). (C) Pitching torques:
aerodynamic pitching torque (blue; Tp_aero_t), inertial pitching torque (red;
Tp_iner_t) and total pitching torque (green; Tp_total). T,
dimensionless period of one flapping cycle.
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