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Fig. 7. Velocity vectors and contours of spanwise flow velocity at mid down- and
upstroke. A wing–body computational model of a fruit fly (Ai) at mid
downstroke, and (Bi) at mid upstroke. Velocity vectors at two cross sections
at 50% and 60% of the wing length, (Aii) and (Aiii) at mid downstroke, and
(Bii) and (Biii) at mid upstroke. A color map denotes the spanwise flow
velocity; a negative magnitude of the spanwise velocity points to a flow from
the wing base to the wing tip, and vice versa. L.E., leading edge;
T.E., trailing edge.