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Fig. 4. Assessment of Cl– dependency for Na+ uptake by
un-bled and bled L. stagnalis as tested under control (with NaCl) and
treatment (with sodium gluconate or sodium sulfate) conditions. Each treatment
medium contained 500 µmol l–1 of Na+.
Differences between un-bled and bled conditions within treatments were
significantly different. There were no significant differences among
Na+-treatment groups in un-bled or bled conditions. N=10
snails in all cases. Values are means ± s.e.m.